Oil burner



Nov. 1, 1927.

H. B. NEWHALL ET AL OIL BURNER Filed Sept. 12, 1924 //VVEN 70/?5 Patented Nov. 1, 1927.

1 UNITED; STATES.

PA OFFICE.

nnnnnnm 13, NEWHALL, orsAUGUs, AND HAROLD ninivnnnwoonon BEVERLY; MASSACHUSETTS. i

, OIL BURNER.

Application filed September 12, 1924. Serial N0..737;292.

r This invention relates to oil burners and will be herein d-isclosedas embodied in a burner of the gravity feedtype designed especi ally for domestic use.

It isthe chief object o-f-the invention to improve the construction of oil'burners of the domcsti'c type wit-h a view to reducing the manufacturing expense, facilitating their installationand the making ofrepairs and adj ustments while in use. The invention also irivolvesfeaturesdesigned to increase the efiiciency of burners of' this type and to mini inize the deposits of carbon-or soot.

*Thenature of the invention will be readily understood from the following description when read in connection with the accompanying drawings and the novel features will be particularly pointed out in the appended claims. v

Inthe drawings, 7

Figure 1 is a perspective view, partly broken away, of a burner embodying the present invention; Y Fig.2 is a vertical, central, cross-sectional --v;iew-of'the burner shown in Fig. 1;

Figs'3 ands are perspective views of the oil=nozzle-;and'

5 is a perspective View of a part attached to. the oil nozzle.

The construction shown comprisesa horizontal burner bowl 2 supported on legs 3. The bowl has central enlargement 4 pro jectingfrom its upper surface, anda-vertical hole 6 is drilled through this enlargement and is tapped to receive an oil supply -pi pe 5. The oil is supplied'by a main tank fr omwhich the oil-flows by gravity to a float valve chamber, and it is conducted from this chamber to the burnerbythe pipe 5. The

main supply tank and the float 'cham-berarenot shownsince this arrangement is common in gravity feed burners. Preferably the oil level in the float chamber is maintained somewhat higher-- than the upper surface. of the enlargement 4 in the bowl so that oil will flow freel-y by gravity into the, bowl. The enlargement 4 is provided with grooves concentric with'the' hole 6 in which-Iwicks 7"'? made of asbestos or similar material are located, these wicks forming baflles over -which the oil flows; initially when the. burner is beingstarted.

V Seated-en enlargement Ainthe bowl iElIE. Oil supply duct] at the upper end of the duct 6 is an oil nozzle 8, best shown in Figs. 2, 3,and4. Thisnozzle comprises a metal disk having a central hole Qftherethrough to receive a threaded stem or handle 10, Fig, 2, and the hole-9 is surrounded by a series of vertical holes or perforations 12 through which-the oil flows either in liquidor gaseous form,;de pending uponthe conditions in the burner. That is, when the burner isfirst startedthe' oil-will flow through the holes 12 in,-the form ofgaligui'd, but after the burnerhas been-in operation for a short time the heat will vaporize thev oil before it reaches the nozzle 8 sothat normally the oil is in the form of a gas or vapor-when it flowsthrough-theperforations 12. Preferably a washer 14cv is lo,- catedvjust above the nozzle 8 and is held in place by a nut*15 whereit willthrottle to some extent the flow of gas througltthe holes 12, and will direct'the gas, outwardly across the upper surfacev of the nozzle; 8;

' In order'to facilitatethegradual vaporization of the oilbefore itis discharged into the bowl, a rod 16, Figs. '2and 5, is secured to the lower side ofthe nozzle 8 where it will project downintotheoil supply pipe 5 for a substantial distance; This rod ismade of copper or some other good conductor- 0f heat,and it may be. secured to 'thetnoz-zle. 8

by. being threaded on the stem of the handle 10 that projects through thenozzle. VVe find .that the use of thisaro'cl produces a steadier, cleaner, and moree'conomical flame than can otherwise be obtained. I rult is due to the'fact that the hot; rod pro- Apparently; this reduces aslower and more even vaporization of the oil,;but whateverthefreason forthe improved-action maybe, we have definitely determined that it substantially eliminates fluctuations in the flame and produces a cleaner flame. o v

W'hentheburncr-is in operation there is always some tendency fer-,the oil to. break down. and earbonize, and while. we have found that these deposits of carbonare not serious intheburn'ershown, it is necessary to remove thisdeposit ;-from--the nozzle-occasionally. For thispur-pose we have mad 3, the nozzleaeasily removable,,and providedifit with-ribs 17 and. with a fiuted-tapergd-ex tension ISthat, projects for .a shc rtd tan'ce ply rests on the flat upper surface of the enlargement 4i and may be readlly lifted off its seat and removed from the burner. In removing the nozzle it is preferable to take hold of the handle and turn it to rotate the nozzle, thus scraping off any deposits that have collected on the surfaces in contact with the nozzle. The ribs 17 on the lower surface of the nozzle and the fluted or ribbed construction of the extension 18 facilitate this scraping action. Any deposits of scale or carbon on the nozzle may then be easily wiped off and the nozzle replaced. WVhen the nozzle is returned again to its operative position it should be rotated slightly to remove any particles of carbon or other foreign materialthat may have collected on the nozzle seat and which would prevent it form seating properly. This construction avoids any possibility of the nozzle sticking, while at the same time forming a tight joint between the nozzle and the bowl. The tapered extension 18 also centers the nozzle in the bowl. A burner cap 20 rests on the bowl 2 but is held in spaced relationship thereto by means of three lugs, one of which is shown at 21, these lugs resting on the edge of the bowl and serving, also, to hold the cap centered with reference to the bowl. A central aperture 22 is provided in this cap to receive the air nozzle. This nozzle comprises a lower upright section 23, an intermediate inclined section 24; and an upper horizontal section 25, these sections being secured together by set screws. It also includes an internally tapered nozzle tip 26 which is secured in the lower tubular section 23 by means of three set screws, one of which ill is shown at 27, so that it can be adjusted vertically toward and from the bowl 2. This adjustment is desirable to control the amount 'of air which is delivered to the flame with a given draft, it being understood that the air enters through the section and flows downwardly through the nozzle. Usually the intake end 25 of the nozzle is sealed into the furnace door opening. The lower edge of the nozzle section 23 rests on two lugs, one of which is shown at 28, Fig. 2, and the other being diametrically opposite to it, so that the nozzle can be rocked backward and forward in substantially its own plane. This mounting is convenient for the purpose of adjusting the intake end of the nozzle. The nozzle is supported in its adjusted position by two adjustingscrews 29-29 supported in arms 30-3O that project upwardly from the cap 20. It will be observed that the nozzle simply rests on the burner cap 20 and that it may be lifted out of the cap whenever desired to inspect or clean the burner.

When the burner is located in a furnace of unusually large diameter, it preferably is equipped with a flame spreader which may be of the form shown in Figs. 1 and 2. This spreader simply consists of two semi-circular sections 32-82 having end lugs 33 which fit in sockets provided in the burner cap 20, each section also having a lug 3% which rests on the upper surface of the cap at an intermediate point inthe length of the section. Flame spreaders of diflerent diameters may be used and since they simply rest on the cap, they may be installed or removed instantly.

All the heavy parts of the apparatus, such as the bowl or base 2, cap20, and flame spreader 82, are preferably made of cast iron. The oil nozzle 8 may either be made of cast iron or of some more highly refractory metal, such as Monel metal.

It is a common practice to equip oil burners with an automatic device arranged to be operated by the overflow of'oil from the burner tocut off the supply of oil to the burner. In order to permit the use of such a device with this burner, an overflow pipe 35 is connected with the base or bowl 2. In case the flame is blown out, or accidentally extinguished in any other way, oil will flow through this pipe to the desired point of delivery. A common objection to the overflow arrangements heretofore employed for oil burners is that the overflow pipe includes sharp angles which may easily become plugged. lVe prefer, therefore, tonse an overflow pipe through which a flexible cleaner can be run and which leads straight out of the bowl, as shown, so that the cleaner can run completely into the bowl. The bowl is provided with two outlets into either of which an overflow pipe can be connected, the second outlet being shown in Fig. 2 as closed by the plug 36. Sometimes it is much more convenient to run the overflow pipe from the latter outlet due to the design of the furnace in which the burner is installed.

l/Vhen the burner is in operation oil flows slowly through the pipe 5 to the bowl 2 and becomes vaporized before it is discharged into the bowl. As the oil vapor or gas flows through the nozzle 8, it meets the hot air current flowing downwardly through the air nozzle and the oil unites with the oxygen of the incoming current of air, produc ing a flame" which is directed outward laterally between the cap 20 and the bowl or base 2. The diameter of thefire so produced may be increased very substantially through the use of a flame spreader, such as that shown at 32.

It will now be appreciated that this invention provides an oil burning apparatus which may be manufactured very-economically,'which is convenient to install and adjust, and in-which all the parts are-readily accessible .so that inspection and repairs can be made very readily. The ease with which the carbon can be removed from the oil nozzle and its seat, and the fact that the overflow pipes can be readily kept open, are important factors in keeping the apparatus in efficient working condition.

lVhile we have herein shown and described the best embodiment of our invention which we have so far devised, we do not desire to be limited to the exact details of the construction shown.

Having thus described our invention,.

, by the nozzle.

what we desire to'claim as new is:

1. An oil burning apparatus comprising, in combination, a burner bowl, an oil supply pipe leading upwardly into said bowl, an air nozzle leading downwardly and ter Ininating close to the point at which the oil is discharged into said bowl, and means supporting said nozzle for tipping adjustment relatively to said bowl.

2. An oil burning apparatus comprising, in combination, a burner bowl, an oil supply pipe leading upwardly into said bowl, an air nozzle leading downwardly and terminating close to the point at which the oil is discharged into said bowl, means supporting said nozzle for swinging adjustment backward and forward, and means adjacent to said bowl for supporting said nozzle in its adjusted position.

3. An oil burning apparatus comprising, in combination, a substantially horizontal burner bowl, an oil supply pipe leading upwardly intosaid bowl, a burner cap support-ed by said bowl but spaced above it, a flame spreader removably supported on said cap, and an air nozzle extendingupwardly from said cap.

4:. An oil burning apparatus comprising, in combination, a burner bowl, an oil supply pipe leading upwardly into said bowl, an air nozzle leading downwardly and terminating close to the point at which the oil'is discharged into said bowl, an oil nozzle remov ably seated on said bowl immediately above the delivery end of said pipe, and an extension from said oil nozzle projecting upwardly into said air nozzle.

5. An oil burning apparatus comprising,

in combination, a substantially horizontal burner bowl, an oil supply pipe leading upwardly into said bowl, an oil nozzle seated on said bowl immediately above the discharge end of said oil pipe, said nozzle having carbon scraping members on its lower surface, and means connected with said nozzle whereby it may be rotated to scrape the carbon from the surfaces engaged 6. An oil burning apparatus comprising, in combination, a bowl adapted to be supported in a substantially horizontal position and having a central enlargement in its upper surface, an oil supply duct leading upwardly through said bowl and through said enlargement, and a disk-like oil nozzle seated on said enlargement, said nozzle having holes therethrough for the passage of oil and being provided with carbon scraping ribs on its lower side.

7. An oil burning apparatus comprising, in combination, a substantially horizontal burner bowl having a central enlargement projecting from its upper face, an oil supply duct extending downwardly through said enlargement, and a disk-like oil nozzle loosely seated on said enlargement at the upper end of said duct and having holes therethrough for the passage of oil.

8. An oil burning apparatus comprising, in combination, a substantially horizontal burner bowl having a central enlargement projecting from its upper face, an oil supply duct extending downwardly through said enlargement, a disk-like oil nozzle loosely seated on said enlargement at the upper end of said duct and having holes tlierethrough for the passage of oil, an extension from said nozzle projecting into the upper end of said duct, and a rodprojecting upwardly from said nozzle and forming a handle thereor.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification.

HERBERT B. NEWVHALL. HAROLD R. UNDERWOOD. 

